Civil Engineering January-February 2022 | Vol 30 No 1

Civil Engineering January/February 2022 21 But while the foundations have been laid, the government will only have the private sector’s full support once several stumbling blocks that still exist are ad- dressed, including greater political and regulatory certainty and a credible, bank- able pipeline. HOW DID WE GET HERE? Until now, there has been a substantial underspend on national infrastructure by all spheres of government, from SOEs to municipalities. This, in our view, can be attributed to a lack of national direction and scattered oversight and governance, which have led to local authorities being unable to deliver proposed infrastructure projects to a feasible state. Further to this, the lack of a credible infrastructure pipe- line, understanding of the relevant roles and responsibility, and how risk sharing will work, has hindered the investment by relevant parties. Combined with this underspend is the South African government’s current fiscal position, which affords limited capacity for the government to successfully carry out all projects on the table. The latest in- frastructure plan outlines an investment of R2.3 trillion needed, with a funding gap of around half a trillion rand noted. In looking at the reported project pipeline presented to the market, the project numbers themselves reveal the dire consequences for the everyday South African, if not executed on. Of 276 inter- provincial infrastructure projects cur- rently in the pipeline, only 88 (32%) have reached post-feasibility phase. Taking this one step further, our analysis shows that almost two thirds (64%) are priority type items that fall under the three main cat- egories of human settlements (housing), transport, and water and sanitation. These projects alone, if successfully implemented, will make a meaningful difference to poverty alleviation on a national scale by attracting money into the economy, creating jobs and improving access to basic services. With the government hamstrung in its ability to deliver on its infrastructure priorities, drawing on private sector investments is the only viable answer to an improved economic outlook. At present, and based off recent Association for Savings in South Africa (ASISA) data, assets under management by members total cR4.4 trillion, with exposure to unlisted infrastructure currently at a mere 2.3% (cR102 billion) with a further 4% exposure to listed infrastructure bonds (R176 billion). Given the sheer size of this industry (in excess of R6.2 trillion, per ASISA figures), by addressing investor require- ments as a means to allow for further investment by the private sector, a simple doubling of this meagre investment, a material amount of capital can be un- locked for the infrastructure ecosystem, and will have a material economic and developmental impact. THE CURRENT STATE OF PLAY For the private sector to take on a more active role, it must be confident that the government is moving in the right direction. A key change that engenders confidence is the single-entry point for all infrastructure initiatives in South Africa, created by the IIO. Eliminating the previously scattered approach, the idea is that the IIO builds a concentrated infrastructure pipeline and provides greater transparency on the ins and outs of projects i.e. their phases of develop- ment, how funding will be raised and how the process will work. As mentioned above, one area that still raises concern for investors is the lack of a credible pipeline or a pipeline that has the appropriate governmental backing. While there is much talk about the total investment into the economy and the amount needed from an infra- structure perspective at the pre- and post-feasibility stage, the visibility of a credible and bankable pipeline has been a very slow-moving approach to date and still raises many question marks. Further to this, additional legal and technical expertise is needed to assess projects from a feasibility perspective, as well as various frameworks, industry and infrastructure bodies to facilitate an ease of doing business. It is equally important that political and regulatory certainty follow suit. This means that an appropriate govern- ance framework must be put in place to eradicate the negatives that have hindered the infrastructure rollout thus far. Private sector investors, and importantly, those with fiduciary responsibilities, have a duty of care when managing client funds. In our view, investing without factoring in the stability and reliability of regulatory and legislative frameworks is tantamount to reckless investing. A BLENDED FINANCE APPROACH IS KEY To make infrastructure investment more attractive to the private sector, we are of the view that a blended finance ap- proach that makes use of public finance, developmental financiers and private finance will go a long way in creating the much-needed certainty on roles and responsibilities, and on risk-sharing, for the private sector. Simplistically, this will compel all stakeholders to engage constructively, and in doing so understand the roles and responsibilities of each party, including what sort of capital is to be provided, under what circumstances, who will take first losses should these arise, and when. PRESCIENT CLEAN ENERGY AND INFRASTRUCTURE FUND While investing in infrastructure is a key driver of economic growth and poverty alleviation in South Africa, for the private sector it is just as vital to be able to make an impact without compromising on client returns. Prescient’s Clean Energy and Infrastructure Fund is a real example of a fund doing just that. To date it has deployed just short of R2 billion of capital that supports 17 wind, solar and hydro energy projects. It has added 1.5 GW of clean power to the grid, servicing between 50 000 and 100 000 homes, at a time when South Africans are facing ongoing blackouts due to loadshedding. What’s more, these projects have created jobs in these communities, enabled local procurement spend, and importantly, the projects have invested meaningfully in the local communities. Infrastructure development is funda- mental to economic growth and poverty reduction. The results to date of the above-mentioned fund help to illustrate the potential longer-term impact from the private sector. And for now, while the current infrastructure plan is enough to put the private sector’s initial fears to rest, the success of the next implementation stage is of critical importance. Where there is policy certainty and a framework that works, it makes it easier for the private sector to raise and invest capital in infrastructure and ultimately improve the lives of everyday South Africans.